Better Management Practices (BMP )

Brackish Water Aquaculture

Which water values ​​can we follow ?

Water Chemistry Monitoring . Spectrophotometers & Reactives & Multi Parameters

1 Temperature

2 Salinity

3 pH

4 Alkalinity

5 Total Hardness

6 Calcium Hardness

7 Magnesium Hardness

8 Total Ammonia Nitrojen

9 Nitrites . TAN

10 DO . Dissolved Oxygen

11 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

12 EC . Electrical Conductivity

13 TDS . Total Dissolved Solids

14 TOM Total organic Matter

15 D . CO2 . Dissolved Carbon Dioxide

16 Hydrojen Sulphide H2S

17 ORP / Redox – Oxidative Reduction Potential

18 Total Organic Carbon TOC

19 Nitrite – N

20 Nitrate – N

21 Ca:Mg:K

22 Turbidity

The physical and chemical characteristics of pond water are very much influenced by the properties of bottom soil sediment. The bottom soil sediment provides food and shelter to the shrimp in culture pond environment and also act as the reservoir of nutrients for the growth of microalgae which constitute natural food for the aquatic organisms.

The ability of water to neutralize acid is called alkalinity. In other words, it refers to the situation that occurs as a result of water resisting acidification . It is the value of bicarbonate, hydroxide and carbonates dissolved in water.

Temperature is an essential parameter to influence the photosynthesis in water, physiological responses of culture organisms and decomposition of organic matter and
subsequent biochemical reactions.

The most common cause of high pH is a high rate of photosynthesis by dense phytoplankton blooms. The pH in the shrimp culture ponds is affected by the water alkalinity, pond soil pH, lime applications and phytoplankton bloom activity.

Ammonia increases oxygen consumption by tissues, gills, and reduces the ability of blood to transport oxygen.Ammonia exists in water in both ionized (NH4) and unionized (NH3) forms. Unionized ammonia in aquaculture ponds is more harmful form of ammonia due to its ability to diffuse readily across cell membrane the fraction of NH3 depends on pH, temperature, and to a lesser extent on salinity .As pH or temperature rises in the pond water, NH3 increases relative to NH4, and the toxicity of ammonia to animals, increasing pH level in a given ammonia solution could increase the ammonia toxicity to shrimp postlarvae.

In high salinity, the shrimps will grow slowly but they are healthy, active and resistance to diseases.

Calcium is essential for the bones formation, shell formation of the crustaceans in the brackish water aquaculture .